TOPLINE
Patients who survived bacterial meningitis in the 1960s and 1970s had modestly higher mortality than their peers in the general population over nearly six decades of follow-up. Their siblings also had higher mortality, suggesting familial influences.
METHODOLOGY
- Researchers conducted a cohort study by linking a clinical database of patients hospitalised with bacterial meningitis in Denmark (1966-1977) to national registries and followed them through 2025 to examine long-term health outcomes.
- They included 724 patients (median age, 17 years; 46% female individuals) and 3620 matched control individuals from the general population; 695 siblings of patients and 3313 siblings of control individuals were also included.
- Mortality was assessed from 1 year after admission; neurologic and otologic outcomes were assessed from 20 years after admission.
- Initial disease and treatment characteristics assessed included the duration of symptoms before treatment, altered mental status on admission, sepsis on admission, cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count, bacteraemia, aetiology of meningitis, glucocorticoid treatment, and mechanical ventilation.
- The median follow-up duration was 47 years.
TAKEAWAY
- In adjusted analyses, none of the initial disease or treatment characteristics were associated with the long-term risk for mortality.
- Patients with bacterial meningitis had modestly higher mortality than control individuals (hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.16-1.53). When follow-up began 20 years after admission, the excess mortality persisted (adjusted HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.62).
- Siblings of patients also had higher mortality than siblings of control individuals (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06-1.91).
- Patients had increased risks for cerebrovascular diseases (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.04-2.04), migraine and other headache syndromes (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.11-2.80), and hearing loss (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.13-2.17). Risks for dementia, parkinsonism, and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system were similar between the two groups.
IN PRACTICE
“This study demonstrates that the lifelong consequences of bacterial meningitis are more favourable than anticipated even among the most severely ill patients,” the authors wrote.
SOURCE
The study was led by Pelle Trier Petersen, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. It was published online on September 03, 2026, in the Journal of Infection.
LIMITATIONS
The data came from the 1960s and 1970s; therefore, the findings might not apply broadly because demographics, tests, and treatments have changed. The study could not adjust for other illnesses at admission and relied on registry diagnoses that could have been inaccurate, which might have affected the results. Unmeasured confounding could not have been ruled out.
DISCLOSURES
This study was supported by grants from the Fru Olga Bryde Nielsens Fond, Region Zealand Health Science Research Foundation, Velux Fonden, and Dagmar Marshalls Fond. The authors reported having no relevant conflicts of interest.
This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.
